Representing Addition and Subtraction
Represent addition and subtraction using objects, drawings, and mental images
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Teaching Table · Reviewed guide
Set out your lesson
“We can make addition and subtraction visible. For addition, show the first group, add the second group, and count all. For subtraction, show the start, take some away, and count what is left.”
Bring to the table
- At least 8 large blocks or toys
- Paper and crayons
Full guide and materials
- At least 8 large blocks or toys
- Paper and crayons
- Step 1. Addition: show 3 blocks, add 2 more, and count all 5 altogether.
- Step 2. Have your child model another addition within 10 with blocks or fingers.
- Step 3. Subtraction: start with 5 blocks, take away 2, and count 3 left.
- Step 4. On paper, draw 4 circles, cross out 1, and count how many remain.
- Step 5. Ask your child to explain whether each model was putting together or taking away.
- Quick check. Success means your child models one addition with objects or fingers and states the total, and models one subtraction by removing or crossing out and states what remains.
Worked example. 4 animals plus 3 more animals shown side by side make 7. 5 blocks with 2 moved away leave 3.
Optional challenge. Tell a tiny story such as “There were 5 apples and 1 rolled away.” Have your child draw the start, show the change, and count what remains.
What to notice. Save a photo of one addition model and one subtraction model, or a parent note with both equations in words or numbers.
Compare teaching approaches
Teaching approaches
Gakuva’s recommended starting approach is selected. You can still compare every option.
1 approach
We can make addition and subtraction visible. For addition, show the first group, add the second group, and count all. For subtraction, show the start, take some away, and count what is left.
Spend about 10 minutes modeling one put-together addition and one take-away subtraction with objects, then one drawing.
Family records and proof options
Keep a record of your learning
Save photos, notes, and attendance. Export a proof packet for compliance or portfolio reviews.
Learning resources
Reviewed external links that reinforce this concept. They do not replace Gakuva’s teaching approach.
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The teaching approach above still stands. Curated practice links will appear here as the shelf fills.
Check understanding
- Use cubes or counters to show 3 + 2
- Draw a picture to represent a subtraction situation
- Use fingers to model an addition problem
“If your child has 3 apples and you give them 2 more, can they show you how many there are altogether — using their fingers, some small objects, or a drawing?”
Curriculum record
- Type
- Representational
- Subject
- Mathematics
- Domain
- Addition & Subtraction
- Age range
- Ages 4–6
Standards